By Anahad O’Conner, The New York Times
Originally published 22 January 2004:
Dr. Merrill W. Chase, an immunologist whose research on white blood cells helped undermine the longstanding belief that antibodies alone protected the body from disease and micro-organisms, died on Jan. 5 at his home in New York City, according to the Rockefeller University, where he worked for 70 years. He was 98.
Dr. Chase made his landmark discovery in the early 1940’s while working with Dr. Karl Landsteiner, a Nobel laureate recognized for his work identifying the human blood groups. At the time, experts believed that the body mounted its attacks against pathogens primarily through antibodies circulating in the blood stream, known as humoral immunity.
But Dr. Chase, working in his laboratory, stumbled upon something that appeared to shatter that widespread tenet.
As he tried to immunize a guinea pig against a disease using antibodies he had extracted from a second pig, he found that blood serum did not work as the transfer agent.
Not until he used white blood cells did the immunity carry over to the other guinea pig, providing solid evidence that it could not be antibodies alone orchestrating the body’s immune response.
Read the entire article here.
[Note from SaneVax: Just so we are all on the same page, this indicates that the entire model on which vaccines are produced and marketed – the idea that production of a high level of antibodies – does not work was scientifically proven in the 1940’s by a Nobel laureate. Why were medical consumers not informed? Why are vaccines now currently evaluated by the level of antibodies they force your body to produce?]
Antibody titers do NOT EQUAL immunity
– Sheri Nakken
Much of what conventional studies use for ‘proof’ a vaccine ‘works’ and ‘gives immunity’ are increased antibody titres after administration of the vaccine. As you can see – that is a fallacyAntibodies are just one aspect of the immune system. They show there has been exposure. PERIOD. If there are antibodies after experiencing adisease, they may mean immunity as the rest of the immune system was mobilized – all aspects. With vaccines, much of the immune system is bypassed – TH1 (mouth, nose, throat and all aspects of immune system that gets mobilized there). Only TH2 responds (simplified a bit here). So antibodies do NOT mean immunity. All aspects need to be measured and for the most part they have no clue how to do that or even what to measure and what actually indicates immunity.
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